Imam Kazem in prison

Imam Kazem imprisoned twice by Harun al-Rashid, the second time from 179 to 183; That is, it lasted for four years and led to his martyrdom. The duration of Imam’s first imprisonment is not specified.

The reasons for the imam’s imprisonment on these two occasions, both of which by Harun, mentioned as follows:

• Harun’s strictness towards the Alawites, especially Imam Musa Kazem .
• Imam and Alawites have a lot of influence among the people because they are the children of the Messenger of God  and his family .
• The supposed obedience of the Shia imams and the fear of the Shia government is the reason for this attribute of the pure imams. Sheikh Sadouq considered the martyrdom of Imam Kazim (peace be upon him) as one of the reasons for the martyrdom of Imam Kazim when Harun became aware of the belief of the Shiites in the imam’s imamate. Haroun understood that the Shiites came to serve the Imam day and night, and because of the fear of his life and the loss of his kingdom, he martyred that Imam.
• Some relatives of the Imam, such as Ali bin Ismail bin Jafar (Imam’s brother’s son) sought Harun from the Imam.

 imprisonement

Harun, with all his power and authority, had to make such justifications so that his action would not be denied and hated by the people. In the same mosque, Harun issued an order to arrest the Prophet. He ordered two caravans to be prepared, one to be sent to Kufa and the other to Basra. He sent Imam along with one of these two caravans. This work was done for the reason that people do not know where the imam is imprisoned.

He sent Imam Kazim to the ruler of Basra, Isa bin Jafar bin Mansour; Imam spent some time in his prison, but eventually, Jesus got tired of this work and wrote to Aaron to hand him over to someone else. Otherwise, he will release him, because all this time he tried to get a witness against the Imam, but he did not find anything.

After that, the Imam was handed over to Fazl Bin Rabi. Imam was imprisoned by him for a long time. It is said that they asked him to kill that Prophet, but he refused to do so. After that, he was handed over to Fazl bin Yahya and he spent some time in his prison. According to historians, he respected the sanctity of the Imam. After that, Imam Kazem  handed over to another jailer named Sandi bin Shahak.

Imamate after Imam Sadiq

Although Imam Sadiq in private meetings with some of his special companions such as Mufadl bin Umar Jaafi, Muaz bin Kathir, Abdul Rahman bin Hajjaj, Faiz bin Mukhtar, Yaqub Siraj, Sulaiman bin Khalid, Safwan Jammal, Ishaq and Ali – who are brothers Imam Kazim has been – he mentioned the imamate of his son Imam Kazim, but at the same time due to political reasons, including the fear of Abbasid rule, Imam for many Shiites He remained unknown; Because it was possible that if the imamate of Imam Kazim (peace be upon him) was determined openly and in public, he would be under pressure from the caliphs.

Shiites after Imam Sadiq

Among the reasons for the confusion of Shiites after Imam Sadiq, the following can be mentioned:

• The severity of oppression during the era of Mansour regarding the Alawites, especially Imam Sadiq  – who had a lot of greatness in the society – caused a certain confusion among some Shiites regarding the future leadership.
• The invitation and attraction of the Shiites of that Imam by some of the children of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) – who claimed to be Imamate unjustly – and their taking advantage of this opportunity, was further justified.
• The dispersion of Shiites was another problem; Because they lived in far and near cities, and it was difficult for them to be sure about the real Imam.
• Imam Sadiq  in his will, in order to preserve the life of the Imam after him, in addition to his two children, Imam Kazim , Abdullah and Mansoor Abbasi were also made his guardians.
• The issue of Ismail bin Jafar bin Muhammad: Since he was the eldest son of Imam Sadiq , the Shiites believed that the future leadership of the Shiites would belong to him. He died during his father’s lifetime and as mentioned in the narration, Imam Sadiq insisted that the Shiites would be sure of his death when they saw his corpse. However, after that, some people created a sect called Khattabiya, Batniyyah or Ismailiyyah in Shia with the preaching of Ismail’s Mahdism or other excuses.

These factors worked hand in hand and were very effective in creating a split among the Shiites after the martyrdom of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), so that one of the companions of Imam Kazim  said: “Zhab al-Nas after Abi Abdullah  is on the right and the north.”

Nubakhti counts the division of Shia into six sects after the death of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) as follows:

1.  Navusiyah: Those who believed in the Mahdism of Imam Sadiq .
2.  Ismaili Khalsa who still insisted on Ismail being alive.
3. Those who believed in the Imamate of Muhammad, the son of Ismail.
4. The group that believed in the Imamate of Muhammad bin Jafar known as Dibaj.
5. Fatahiya: A group that accepted the Imamate of Abdullah Iftah.
6. Those who believed in the Imamate of Musa bin Jafar .

Imam’s relationship with other religions

Imam Kazem’s dealings with Mu’tazila:

Among the Islamic schools of thought that were found at the end of the first century of Hijri and had a major contribution in the intellectual conflicts of the Islamic society after that, was the Mu’tazila religion, the basic principle of this religion was to justify religious issues in the shadow of reason, which is to leave religious categories in the hands of reason. , in such a way that rational analysis and justification of these categories go to extremes, it could not produce favorable results.

One of the examples are the types of beliefs that were raised by these rationalists about monotheism. Sometimes they attributed opposite attributes to God and sometimes they took away some of the attributes that God attributes to them according to the Qur’an. This movement was not acceptable for the Shiites who had an infallible Imam. In the Shiite culture, fundamentalism, in the sense of paying attention to the hadiths of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, was considered one of the most basic principles. In addition to that, the imams themselves also provided rational justifications in defense of the truth of Islam. In the same context, students were also trained whose mission was to rationally defend the religion and beliefs of the Shia religion.

Imam’s dealings with Ahl al-Hadith:

Against the Mu’tazila, there were groups of Ahl al-Hadith who were plagued by many fake hadiths and were plagued by many doubts and problems in the matter of monotheism. Those who were suspicious and tried to carve out human and material attributes for God by comparing them to the appearances of verses and traditions, the Imam took a stand and made God exempt from any kind of similes and material attributes.

Imam Musa Kazim (peace be upon him) said against these two groups and in the topic of monotheism in general: “Do not exceed in monotheism our dhikr of Allah Almighty in the Book of Fathalk; in the matter of monotheism from what God the Exalted and Exalted in His Book It has been mentioned that don’t step beyond that you will perish.” Or they say: “Indeed, Allah is the highest and the most important is that He should convey His Attributes, so that He can tell the truth about His Attributes. So know him as he described himself and stop doing anything else.” And when the imams themselves wanted to enumerate the attributes of God, they used only the themes of the Qur’an.

Martyrdom of Imam Kazem (peace be upon him)

About the quality of martyrdom of Imam Kazem , three different narrations have been narrated:

• The martyrdom of that Imam took place after poisoning the Imam, which is stated in a narration of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). Also, other narrations that accuse Yahya bin Khalid of killing that Prophet, this point has been mentioned.
• It is mentioned in a narration that he was wrapped in a carpet and pressed so hard that he was martyred.
• Another narration is that Mustafi narrated: According to Shia, they poured molten lead down his throat on the command of Harun al-Rashid.

The shrines of Imam

The shrines of Imam Musa Kazem  and Imam Javad in Kazmin

In this regard, the most famous narration is the poisoning of the Imam. After the Imam’s martyrdom, the holy body of the Imam was exposed to the eyes of the people of Baghdad and the general public for two reasons:

According to Arbali’s writing, Sandi bin Shahak brought the jurists and jurists of Baghdad, among whom Haitham bin Udi was also seen, over the holy body of the Imam, to see that there were no wounds, injuries or signs of suffocation in the body of the Imam, and to death. He passed away naturally.

Also, because some of the Shiites believed in the Mahdism of the Prophet or there was a possibility that they would believe in his Mahdism, they put the Imam’s body on the ground on the bridge of Baghdad and Yahya bin Khalid ordered them to shout: This is Musa bin Jafar, who is the Prophet. They believe he is not dead. After that, people came and looked at him while he had passed away. Then they buried the body in the “Bab al-Tin” of Baghdad in the Quraish tomb.

The date of martyrdom of Imam Kazim according to the narration of Sheikh Sadouq was 25 Rajab 183 lunar month and according to the narration of Sheikh Mufid 24 Rajab, and according to Mustafa, it was Friday 14 Safar.